&object0=r|640|480|100|100|0|0|100|0|10|0|0& &autoPlayOn=0& &navobjectsVisible=1& &numberOfSlides=10& &numberOfObjects1=7& &object1_1=js|400|280|161.5|161.5|-1|46|30|0|0|1|1|humintro_colors.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object1_2=t|615|100|100|100|20|68|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1| We analyze values so that we can see the issues involved in considering values, and so that we can reflect on the personal significance of values in our living. This, as much as anything else, is the reason for the study of the Humanities. This overview presents part of an analysis process. Along with the other parts of the process (see An Overview of Perspectives, An Introduction to Cultural Matrixes, and A Guide to Primary Source Artifact Analysis), it gives you one way of thinking about values. You need to know four things in order to use this process: • how to define and identify values and value systems (relationships between integrating, supporting and conflicting values) • the three perspectives generated by value-systems (understanding and applying them) • how cultural matrixes are organized and why they are used for this process • how to analyze primary source artifacts for this process (including Sight, Sound, and Story works) A values-analysis using this process will include a description of the relationship between two (or more) values as acted out in particular situations (labeled as either supporting or conflicting in relation to an integrating value), an explanation of the perspective that is acted out in that particular situation and given those particular values, and an interpretation of the expressive content of primary sources and artifacts which reveal those values and perspectives. This works for cultures and individuals, whether near or far from us in either time of space. In general, we will work from cultures of the past toward learning more about ourselves and our individual values in the present. In order to follow the process, you must be able to use the definitions of the process, and sometimes those might be different from the way you use them in “normal,” every-day life. The key to success? Treat each term as a "technical" term. For example, this process uses a precise and limited definition of the word "perspective." If you don't use the term perspective in any other way in this course, it will help you keep the idea of perspective in your mind as it applies to the analysis of values.& &object1_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 1& &object1_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object1_5=t|200|100|100|100|20|45|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|Background and Context& &object1_6=t|45|100|100|100|20|68|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|WHY?& &object1_7=t|45|100|100|100|21|342|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|HOW?& &numberOfObjects2=10& &object2_1=js|664|712|30.3|30.3|397|219|100|0|0|1|1|4principles_idenitying_values.jpg|1|0|0|0& &object2_2=t|615|100|100|100|20|82|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|The concept of value is familiar to all of us. We normally use the term economically; that is, we ask "What is it worth?" But we need to open up this concept a bit. A value is Any standard that provides a basis for human action is a value. A value is something that is important enough to someone that s/he does something about it. Anything can be a value – an ethical trait, an idea, a statement, or an object – BUT, in order to be a value, that thing MUST be acted upon. Again: . People act the way they do because of their values, and actions always reveal values. & &object2_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 2& &object2_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object2_5=t|200|100|100|100|20|60|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|The Definition of a Value& &object2_6=t|491|100|100|100|70|134|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|a certain kind of standard people use to judge the worth of objects, experiences, ideas, and beliefs.& &object2_7=t|36|100|100|100|601|168|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|real& &object2_8=t|319|100|100|100|245|185|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|a value is anything that leads to an action by some human being& &object2_9=t|563|100|100|100|60|231|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|There are four principles for identifying values: As we go on to outline these principles, you may notice that there is some overlap between them. Taken together, these four principles provide a basis for talking about values. & &object2_10=t|299|100|100|100|85|257|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|a) the action principle, b) the demonstration principle, c) the source principle, and d) the situation principle. & &numberOfObjects3=19& &object3_1=js|400|151|66|66|89|345|100|0|0|1|2|Action-arrow.jpg|7|0|0|0& &object3_2=t|53|100|100|100|411|325|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|12|1|0|0|0|ACTIONS& &object3_3=t|615|100|100|100|20|90|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|13|0|0|0|1|If anything can be a value, the way we discover values is to look at people's actions. Failure to honor this principle leads to the creation of fantasy values -- that is, values that might exist "on paper" but do not exist as actual facts. Only as people act on values do the values become real. Is "honesty," for instance, an example of a value? NO! Not in itself. It only becomes an example of a value when we talk about some set of actions we might characterize as "honest." Remember...,& &object3_4=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 3& &object3_5=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object3_6=t|328|100|100|100|20|50|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|FOUR PRINCIPLES FOR IDENTIFYING VALUES - Part 1& &object3_7=t|334|100|100|100|152|164|100|1|9|left|1|5|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|VALUE is a concept that refers to actions more than anything else.& &object3_8=t|154|100|100|100|20|76|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|The ACTION Principle& &object3_9=t|186|100|100|100|430|377|100|0|5|left|1|11|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|0|Continue to the next page for& &object3_10=t|62|100|100|100|106|240|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|SHAPED& &object3_11=t|205|100|100|100|20|204|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|The DEMONSTRATION Principle& &object3_12=t|205|100|100|100|422|393|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|The SOURCE and SITUATION Principles& &object3_13=t|615|100|100|100|20|217|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|We should distinguish between the ways in which values are and the ways in which they are :& &object3_14=t|587|100|100|100|50|239|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Values are by people's needs (feelings and desires), the situations in which they find themselves, the projects they undertake, and the beliefs they hold. Remember, values are shaped by beliefs, making them values. However, people their values by what they do more than by what they say or think or believe or observe or hear. Actions count more than beliefs, and people usually fool themselves by thinking their values are what they believe rather than what they do. Remember, values are demonstrated by , making them values. & &object3_15=t|62|100|100|100|519|256|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|"ideal"& &object3_16=t|62|100|100|100|314|217|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|SHAPED& &object3_17=t|106|100|100|100|510|217|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|DEMONSTRATED& &object3_18=t|84|100|100|100|134|291|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|DEMONSTRATE& &object3_19=t|62|100|100|100|529|324|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|"real"& &numberOfObjects4=12& &object4_1=js|516|640|27.2|27.2|502|240|40|0|9|1|1|artifact_mayan.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object4_2=t|615|100|100|100|20|89|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Applying the action principle to artifacts from other cultures or individuals is simple. You just have to realize that anything which is (1) handed down to us from the past, (2) handed over to us from another location, (3) handed across to us from another person – all of these constitute an action. If a person writes something, that writing is an action. We can read it and determine the values that brought it into being. The same thing applies to music and visual art. They are the products of actions. We loosely call these sorts of things "primary sources.” For instance, we might not know the original language of a textual (written) artifact, so we will have to take the word of some translator. Or, we look at visual art works on a computer screen or in a book, rather than the looking at the works themselves. This means we have to be careful when we interpret and describe primary sources. Don't interpret something as a thirty foot statue unless you are looking at a thirty foot statue. If you are looking at a picture on a computer screen, interpret THAT picture. Your interpretation CAN include information you glean about the “original” primary source (for instance, the size), but you should always be careful to talk about the actual source you are seeing, hearing or reading. It's real. Everything else is a fake (okay, fake is strong language – a copy, an imitation, I guess, is better… well, not really – fake is best). & &object4_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 4& &object4_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object4_5=t|328|100|100|100|20|50|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|FOUR PRINCIPLES FOR IDENTIFYING VALUES - Part 2& &object4_6=t|614|100|100|100|20|176|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|11|0|0|0|0|A primary source is something that comes to us as an original, even though we usually can't observe such things in a very primary form.& &object4_7=t|400|100|100|100|77|355|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|13|0|0|0|0|values only occur in particular situations as a person does some action.& &object4_8=t|205|100|100|100|19|75|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|The SOURCE Principle& &object4_9=t|205|100|100|100|20|320|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|The SITUATION Principle& &object4_10=t|587|100|100|100|21|337|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|The final principle of identifying values -- and this applies as well to giving examples of values -- is that ........ You can't detect a value when there's no specific action to detect. Don’t talk about a value apart from some description of a specific action. In other words, describing situations and contexts allow you to find rather than values. & &object4_11=t|44|100|100|100|526|389|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|"ideal"& &object4_12=t|43|100|100|100|443|388|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|"real"& &numberOfObjects5=11& &object5_1=js|1002|667|34.3|34.3|-97|224|50|0|10|1|1|pyramid_1.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object5_2=t|523|100|100|100|71|99|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|0|A value system is a cluster of values that are reasonably consistent with, and/or related to, one another. & &object5_3=t|604|100|100|100|20|82|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Although they are often discussed in isolation, values never exist in isolation. Values exist in systems! The individual values in a system interact with each other through various relationships. The importance of a value always depends on its relationships to other values. This means that any complete values analysis must consider the interplay of at least two values. Discussing one value “by itself” cannot reveal anything significant about the value. In fact, you’ll probably notice that people talk about only one value when they are focused on ideal (rather than real) values. That is why it is so important for us to remember the distinction, and to always looking for relationships between values and the resulting system so that we can in our analysis and understanding. Also, as values are enacted through their systems, they reveal the perspectives (a technical term – see An Overview of Cultural Perspectives) that people hold toward others. & &object5_4=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 5& &object5_5=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object5_6=t|328|100|100|100|20|56|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|VALUE SYSTEMS& &object5_7=t|283|100|100|100|173|311|100|0|8|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|0|THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUE SYSTEMS:& &object5_8=t|360|100|100|100|214|330|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|1. Reasonable Consistency of the Values in the System 2. Relative Importance of the Values in the System 3. Hierarchical Structure of the Values in the System& &object5_9=t|380|100|100|100|257|395|100|0|0|right|1|5|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|Move to the next page for an explanation of each Characteristic...& &object5_10=t|53|100|100|100|130|202|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|"be real"& &object5_11=t|595|100|100|100|20|240|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|A value-system is a cluster of reasonably consistent values whose position in the system depends on their relationships to each other. And while the same values in a value system may relate to each other in different ways as circumstances require action, any value that is most often acted upon is the most important in that system (at least most of the time).& &numberOfObjects6=15& &object6_1=js|1024|768|21.8|21.8|446|328|60|0|16|1|1|pyramid_2.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object6_2=t|609|100|100|100|25|80|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Values in a system are reasonably, but not totally, consistent. An individual does not (usually) live by (act in accordance with) a totally consistent value system, and groups (cultures) identified by value systems show greater variances than individuals. However, the inconsistency is narrow rather than broad, or occasional more than usual. & &object6_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 6& &object6_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object6_5=t|187|100|100|100|26|176|100|0|0|left|1|13|1|0|5|13|0|0|0|1|Values are relative, not absolute!& &object6_6=t|283|100|100|100|20|44|100|0|8|left|1|13|1|0|5|13|0|0|0|0|THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUE SYSTEMS:& &object6_7=t|360|100|100|100|20|65|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|1. Reasonable Consistency of the Values in the System& &object6_8=t|360|100|100|100|20|160|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|2. Relative Importance of the Values in the System& &object6_9=t|360|100|100|100|20|281|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|3. Hierarchical Structure of the Values in the System& &object6_10=t|609|100|100|100|25|176|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1| Their role in the actions generated by the value system depends on their relationships to each other in specific situations. Such relationships are easily seen when a person makes an either-or choice. The value chosen becomes more important, and the value rejected becomes less important. But the rejected value may remain as part of the system because it will be chosen first in different circumstances. & &object6_11=t|610|100|100|100|25|297|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|We usually think of hierarchy in terms of higher and lower. You could say that frequent actions based on a value put the value higher in the system than values that are rarely acted on. For example, many people believe that exercise is good for their health. But the only ones who really place high value on exercise are the ones who actually exercise a lot. If you take the elevator instead of walking the stairs (or vice-versa), it shows something about your values. And the regularity of your action (do you always take the stairs?) indicates how high that value is in your system. & &object6_12=t|498|100|100|100|60|132|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Values within a system are reasonably consistent. People and groups act on them in most situations.& &object6_13=t|543|100|100|100|60|248|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Values are relative to other values in the system. Their existence and degree of importance is ONLY relational.& &object6_14=t|258|100|100|100|372|228|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|14|0|0|0|1|VALUES HAVE NO MEANING IN ISOLATION!& &object6_15=t|441|100|100|100|68|384|100|1|9|left|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|One value in the system is "higher" than others and most important. It is the "TOP" value.& &numberOfObjects7=11& &object7_1=js|257|200|72.8|72.8|60|367|40|0|12|1|1|pyramid_3.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object7_2=t|452|100|100|100|20|70|100|1|11|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|A pyramid structure reveals a certain kind of “higher-lower” relationship. The most important values - those most often acted out – are at the top, while the other, less often enacted, values are at the bottom. But those lower values are also essentially foundational to the system! Without the fundamental support of those less important values, the highest and most important value could not hold its place – things would simply fall down. & &object7_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 7& &object7_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object7_5=t|283|100|100|100|20|47|100|0|8|left|1|13|1|0|5|18|0|0|0|2|VALUES RELATIONSHIPS& &object7_6=t|378|100|100|100|45|290|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|Relationships between Values occur ONLY in particular situations.& &object7_7=t|612|100|100|100|20|181|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Life just isn't that simple. When people or groups act, they always act on the basis of more than one value at a time. (Think about it -- try to describe a real action in which only one value is present. The key word here is "real.") We use the term relationship to refer to the way in which two or more values interact with each other in some specific situation (like in the situation of a cultural matrix of the past). This is an instance where you need to treat a concept as a “technical term.” "Relationship" often means other things. For the purposes of this course, relationship always describes some connection between values. There is only one principle to keep in mind when identifying relationships, and here it is:& &object7_8=t|369|100|100|100|260|385|100|1|9|center|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Remember that a "primary" source is a particular action, so you can discuss the relationships of values in, or even between, "primary" sources.& &object7_9=t|258|100|100|100|20|162|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|14|0|0|0|1|VALUES NEVER EXIST IN ISOLATION!& &object7_10=js|257|200|52.4|52.4|479|52|100|0|0|3|1|pyramid_3.jpg|1|0|0|0& &object7_11=t|587|100|100|100|45|312|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Two values in themselves do not have a "relationship" with each other. They only relate when they are connected to each other by the actions of a person or group in some particular circumstance. The only way to give an example of a relationship is to look at some action. Once you observe and describe an action, you can identify the values on which the action is based. Then you can determine how they are connected as shown by the action.& &numberOfObjects8=13& &object8_1=js|746|768|19.8|19.8|15|98|40|0|0|1|1|pyramid1_4.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object8_2=t|404|100|100|100|198|78|100|1|5|center|1|4|3|0|1|12|0|0|0|1|For our course we will use three different relationships. There are many other relationships, and the three we are using are somewhat limiting, but they are chosen because of the introductory nature of our course. These three relationship terms are the vocabulary you should use when analyzing values. & &object8_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 8& &object8_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object8_5=t|140|100|100|100|22|199|100|0|8|center|1|13|1|0|3|18|0|0|1|1|INTEGRATING& &object8_6=t|600|100|100|100|16|48|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|So, a RELATIONSHIP is a technical term of values analysis which denotes a connection, or an interaction, between two values.& &object8_7=t|453|100|100|100|174|145|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|The which is acted out in a situation is higher (worth more) than any other values in the relationship of a value system. This higher value "integrates" (holds together) any relationship with other values, and with the entire system. We refer to the higher value that integrates another value with itself as an integrating value. You will be hearing quite a bit about integrating values in this course, because we use them to typify cultural matrixes. & &object8_8=t|605|100|100|100|20|245|100|1|9|center|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Value systems, by definition, have a value that identifies the system by INTEGRATING the other values in the system. & &object8_9=t|164|100|100|100|11|224|100|0|0|center|1|5|1|0|2|14|0|0|1|1|VALUE RELATIONSHIP& &object8_10=t|608|100|100|100|20|266|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Examples of integrating values we’ll study in our course are "order," "loyalty," and "bureaucracy." These are NOT integrating values in and of themselves as terms – they only BECOME most important in a value system – and we’ll see how that works when we look at the cultural matrixes in our course which hold these values as integrating in relation to the other values.& &object8_11=t|124|100|100|100|188|145|100|0|0|center|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|INTEGRATING VALUE& &object8_12=t|604|100|100|100|20|323|100|1|5|left|0|4|3|0|1|12|0|0|0|1|In a value-system, the integrating value will always be acted out in any situation. So we can conclude that the value that functions to integrate the other values in a system is more important (higher) than the others. A value that functions to integrate other values is the one value in a system that will never be sacrificed (or chosen against) for any reason. Such a value has been described as the ultimate (most important) value in the system; the apex (at the top of the hierarchy or pyramid) of the system. & &object8_13=t|605|100|100|100|20|398|100|1|9|center|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|SUPPORTING values and CONFLICTING values will be acted out in ways which give meaning to that INTEGRATING value. & &numberOfObjects9=14& &object9_1=js|1024|768|33.1|33.1|143|114|100|0|0|1|1|pyramid_5.jpg|7|0|0|0& &object9_2=t|616|100|100|100|20|310|100|0|10|left|0|5|1|0|1|12|0|0|0|1|The integrating value holds together (integrates) other values into a coherent system. This does NOT mean that it holds them together in a certain type of agreeable or pleasant manner all the time, just that it gives essence and meaning to those other values, to the system, and to the integrating value itself. Here’s the best way I know of explaining this:& &object9_3=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 9& &object9_4=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object9_5=t|128|100|100|100|20|48|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|SUPPORTING Values& &object9_6=t|605|100|100|100|22|66|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Complimentary, intrinsically worthwhile, or utilitarian values, acted out some of the time. They are a part of the value system foundation which confirm (and conform to) the integrating value, though they are different and separate. & &object9_7=t|608|100|100|100|16|361|100|1|10|center|1|13|3|0|1|12|0|0|0|1|Think of musical harmony – it is made up of both consonance (pleasant sounds) and dissonance (unpleasant sounds). So, in this example, and very loosely, HARMONY is the INTEGRATING VALUE which holds together & &object9_8=t|124|100|100|100|255|202|100|0|0|center|1|13|1|0|2|12|0|0|1|1|INTEGRATING VALUE& &object9_9=t|128|100|100|100|20|105|100|0|0|left|1|18|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|CONFLICTING Values& &object9_10=t|605|100|100|100|20|126|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|2|12|0|0|0|1|Competing, hierarchical, or negating values, acted out some of the time. They are a part of the value system foundation which reject (or seek to negate) the integrating value, thus different and separate from it.& &object9_11=t|125|100|100|100|170|275|100|0|0|center|1|18|1|0|2|12|0|0|1|1|CONFLICTING VALUE(s)& &object9_12=t|125|100|100|100|329|275|100|0|0|center|1|18|1|0|2|12|0|0|1|1|SUPPORTING VALUE(s)& &object9_13=t|605|100|100|100|20|375|100|0|0|center|0|5|3|0|5|13|0|0|0|1|You have to have the dissonance to appreciate the consonance, and vice versa.& &object9_14=t|605|100|100|100|20|402|100|0|0|center|0|18|3|0|5|13|0|0|0|1|the SUPPORTING VALUE of CONSONANCE and the CONFLICTING VALUE of DISSONANCE.& &numberOfObjects10=8& &object10_1=js|878|768|23.3|23.3|7|44|60|0|0|4|1|pinocchio.jpg|2|0|0|0& &object10_2=t|625|100|100|100|10|24|100|0|0|left|1|5|1|0|5|14|0|0|0|1|PART 1/4 - AN OVERVIEW OF VALUES, VALUE SYSTEMS, AND VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - page 10& &object10_3=t|395|100|100|100|244|3|100|0|0|right|0|5|3|0|5|12|0|0|0|1|OVERVIEWS cx26 GUIDES& &object10_4=t|605|100|100|100|20|183|100|1|5|center|1|2|1|0|3|14|0|0|0|1|Some caveats about Integrating Values (conveyed by Stan, the Man, who developed this process):& &object10_5=t|605|100|100|100|20|213|100|0|0|left|0|5|3|1|2|13|0|0|0|1| Well, there are lies and there are lies. Some lies are "political" in nature, a gross manipulation of data for the sake of some cause or advantage. But other lies are made through ignorance and the fact that we must speak out of some frame-of-reference. Such lies might lead in the direction of truth when they make the person telling the lies more sensitive to the data under consideration. To put it more plainly, a worthwhile identification of an integrating value for a cultural matrix does not depend on some hypothetical standard of truth. It depends on an ongoing process that involves two interactive phases. First, the person making the identification must take into account all the (significant) values that s/he can recognize in the various aspects of the cultural matrix. Then, the rules of values-analysis must be applied in order to determine an integrating value, and the key question for the determination is: What value is most inclusive? & &object10_6=t|473|100|100|100|148|86|100|1|10|left|1|13|3|0|1|13|0|0|0|1|If you are thinking carefully about the values analysis process explained here, you may be sensing some exceptions, problems, issues and the like, about it. This final slide is the "fine print" about the issue of Integrating Values... "for the record."& &object10_7=t|605|100|100|100|20|365|100|0|0|left|0|5|3|1|2|13|0|0|0|1|This process is infinite, since it is always possible to learn more about a cultural matrix and therefore change the basis for the values-analysis. What an exciting prospect - to be part of a course of study that can never be mastered! And what an encouragement to synthesis! The procedure is entirely a matter of putting things together. There is no room for specialists here. & &object10_8=t|353|100|100|100|20|213|100|0|0|left|1|18|3|1|5|13|0|0|0|1|Is it a lie to label a culture with a single Integrating Value?&